Neonatal hearing screening

Risk factors for hearing loss

Congenital infection

• CMV
• Toxoplasmosis
• Rubella
• Syphilis
• Herpes

Genetic hearing impairment

• Family history of hearing loss (e.g., parents, grandparents, siblings, aunt/uncle, cousins)
• Craniofacial malformations and isolated malformations of the external ear
• Syndromes associated with hearing loss
• First- or second-degree consanguinity

Specific neonatal conditions

• Birth weight < 1500 g
• APGAR ≤ 6 at 5 minutes
• Early hyperbilirubinemia (<24h) or hyperbilirubinemia requiring intensive phototherapy or exchange transfusion
• Fetal alcohol syndrome

Medical care

• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
• Assisted ventilation ≥ 24 hours
• Neonatal intensive care stay > 5 days
• Ototoxic medication for more than 2 days (e.g., aminoglycosides or loop diuretics, ...)

Specific illnesses

• Meningitis
• Neurological symptoms (e.g., seizures, hypotonia, cranial nerve palsy)
• White matter lesions or intraventricular hemorrhage