Menopause

Menopause refers to the permanent cessation of menstruation, resulting from the cessation of ovarian activity and a decrease in circulating oestrogen levels.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), it is a normal physiological event, most commonly occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, but may occur earlier.

Perimenopause refers to the transitional period preceding menopause, characterised by hormonal fluctuations and changes in the menstrual cycle. Menopause is defined retrospectively after 12 months of amenorrhoea.

Menopause is notably associated with:

  • an increased cardiovascular risk, linked to changes in lipid profile, vascular function and metabolism;
  • a decrease in bone mineral density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures;
  • metabolic changes, including weight gain, redistribution of fat (particularly abdominal fat) and an increased risk of diabetes.

These changes warrant a comprehensive, preventive approach aimed at reducing long-term risks, particularly cardiovascular and bone-related risks.

Last update